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All categories a false positive a federal health insurance programme that guarantees health coverage for people aged 65 and over and some younger people with disabilities. a general movement upwards or downwards (e.g. every year there are more HIV infections). When discussing statistics A model that outlines the steps of medical care that people living with HIV go through from initial diagnosis to achieving viral suppression A patient’s agreement to continue with a clinical trial A patient’s agreement to take a test or a treatment. In medical ethics A patient’s regular and ongoing engagement with medical care at a health care facility. a programme providing health insurance to people on low-incomes of all ages. Provision varies from state to state A public health strategy involving the prompt provision of antiretroviral treatment in people with HIV in order to reduce their risk of transmitting the virus to others through sex. a retrovirus uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA (the hereditary material in humans). The retrovirus then integrates its viral DNA into the DNA of the host cell A serodifferent couple is one in which one partner has HIV and the other has not. A serodiscordant couple is one in which one partner has HIV and the other has not. Many people dislike this word as it implies disagreement or conflict. Alternative terms include mixed status a term previously used to describe sex without condoms. However a treatment or a diagnostic test after having received a full written or verbal explanation of the risks a trend often describes an apparent difference between results that is not statistically significant. A type of immune cell that can kill certain cells A type of virus that uses of RNA as its genetic material. After infecting a cell Although HIV can be sexually transmitted although some types of care are covered in all states. an adult who has mental capacity always has the right to refuse. and cells infected with a virus. A T killer cell is a type of white blood cell and a type of lymphocyte. Also called cytotoxic T cell and shows the proportion of individuals living with HIV who are engaged at each stage. Because of the possibility that a positive result from a single HIV test is benefits and the possible alternatives. cancer cells Comparing one group with another cytotoxic T lymphocyte or CD8 T cells. etc. expresses differences in the risk of something happening. For example gonorrhoea Having sex without condoms hcv Hepatitis C herpes HIV HIV binds to the CD4 receptor and its coreceptor. Immunisation is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease In cell biology in comparison with group A In everyday language in fact In HIV In HIV testing In relation to sex In the United States including foreign cells including reading and interpreting the result. Insertive anal intercourse refers to the act of penetration during anal intercourse. The insertive partner is the ‘top’. it is now recognised that PrEP and U=U are effective HIV prevention tools keeping it below the level of detection without the use of ART. The virus would not be eliminated from the body but would be effectively controlled and prevented from causing any illness. Laboratory testing to determine if an individual’s HIV strain is resistant to anti-HIV drugs. magnetic or serodifferent. Measurement of the amount of virus in a blood sample or permanently control the virus and render it unable to cause disease. A ‘sterilising’ cure would completely eliminate the virus. A ‘functional’ cure would suppress HIV viral load or to fully restore health. A cure for HIV infection is one of the ultimate long-term goals of research today. It refers to a strategy or strategies that would eliminate HIV from a person’s body PrEP and U=U do not protect against other STIs. Receptive anal intercourse refers to the act of being penetrated during anal intercourse. The receptive partner is the ‘bottom’. Refers to an individual’s entry into specialist HIV care after being diagnosed with HIV. reported as number of HIV RNA copies per milliliter of blood plasma. Viral load is an important indicator of HIV progression and of how well treatment is working. scabies sometimes known as a ‘drugs holiday’. As this has been shown to lead to worse outcomes synonym for superinfection. In hepatitis C syphilis Taking a planned break from HIV treatment the probability that a person who does have a medical condition will receive the correct test result (i.e. positive). The proportion of people who currently have an infection or a condition. This will include people who acquired the infection or condition several years ago and still have it. the result is described as 'reactive' rather than 'positive'. If the result is reactive the result of an HIV antibody test changes from HIV negative to HIV positive. Seroconversion may be accompanied with flu-like symptoms. the term is most often used to refer to chlamydia The term may be used to describe either self-testing or self-sampling. The transition period from infection with HIV to the detectable presence of HIV antibodies in the blood. When seroconversion occurs (usually within a few weeks of infection) the treatment is not working properly. There may still be a risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners. there is zero risk of passing on HIV to their partners. The low level of virus is described as an undetectable viral load. this indicates that HIV is replicating in the body. If the person is taking HIV treatment but their viral load is detectable this indicates that the test has reacted to something in the blood and needs to be investigated with follow-up tests. To eliminate a disease or a condition in an individual treatment interruptions are not recommended. trichomonas vaginalis typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease. U=U stands for Undetectable = Untransmittable. It means that when a person living with HIV is on regular treatment that lowers the amount of virus in their body to undetectable levels used when someone who has been cured of the virus is infected with hepatitis C again. usually defined as the first six months of infection. we now know that protection from HIV can be achieved by taking PrEP or the HIV-positive partner having an undetectable viral load When a person has a medical condition but is diagnosed as not having it. When somebody has had an infection for at least six months. See also ‘acute infection’. when the person testing collects their own sample and performs the whole test themselves when the person testing collects their own sample and sends this to a laboratory for analysis. The lab makes the results available by phone or text message a few days later. When using a diagnostic test When viral load is detectable which allows the retrovirus to replicate. HIV is a retrovirus. which used to be called ‘unprotected’ or ‘unsafe’ sex. However without condoms being required. Nonethless without condoms being required. The term has fallen out of favour due to its ambiguity.
- adherence
- AIDS
- antibody
- antigen
- antiretroviral
- ARV
- CD4 cell count
- CD4 cell percentage
- CD4 cells
- CD8
- chemsex
- chlamydia
- chronic infection
- acute infection
- cisgender
- CIS
- clinical
- clinician
- coinfection
- condomless
- pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
- consent
- capacity
- contagious
- Coordinated Entry System
- CES
- cure
- remission
- detectable viral load
- undetectable viral load
- diagnosis
- disease progression
- drug interaction
- Electronic Benefits Transfer
- EBT
- epidemiology
- eradication
- false negative
- window period
- false positive
- Food and Drug Administration
- FDA
- Food Pantry vs. Meal Program
- harm reduction
- Healthy Indiana Plan
- HIP
- helper cell
- hepatitis
- hepatitis A virus
- HAV
- hepatitis B virus
- HBV
- hepatitis C virus
- HCV
- hepatitis D virus
- HDV
- hepatitis E virus
- HEV
- herpes simplex virus
- HSV
- herpes viruses
- Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
- HAART
- home testing
- self-testing
- human immunodeficiency virus
- HIV
- human papilloma virus
- HPV
- immediate release
- immune modulator
- immune reconstitution
- immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
- IRIS
- immune response
- immune system
- immunisation
- vaccine
- immunocompromised
- immunosuppression
- immunotherapy
- inflammation
- informed consent
- consent
- Inpatient vs. Outpatient Care
- insertive
- receptive
- key populations
- libido
- linkage to care
- retention in care
- long-acting
- magnetic couple
- Medicaid
- Medicare
- Medicare
- Medicaid
- men who have sex with men
- MSM
- morbidity
- mortality
- mother-to-child transmission
- MTCT
- naïve
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAFLD
- occupational exposure
- opportunistic infection
- OI
- oral
- oral fluid
- oral sex
- passive immunity
- placebo
- placebo effect
- PLWH
- poppers
- post-exposure prophylaxis
- PEP
- pre-exposure prophylaxis
- event based
- PrEP
- preclinical
- prevalence
- incidence
- primary infection
- acute infection
- prognosis
- prophylaxis
- protease
- protease inhibitor
- PI
- Protective Order vs. No Contact Order
- psychiatry
- psychology
- psychosis
- PWH
- PWID
- qualitative
- quantitative
- reactive
- false positive
- receptive
- insertive
- receptor
- host cell
- rectum
- Referral
- regimen
- reinfection
- superinfection
- relapse
- relative risk
- absolute risk
- remission
- renal
- reservoir
- resistance
- resistance testing
- genotypic resistance testing
- retention in care
- linkage to care
- retrovirus
- reverse transcriptase
- risk factor
- risky behaviour
- Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program
- safer sex
- self-sampling
- self-testing
- self-testing
- home testing
- sensitivity
- specificity
- seroconversion
- acute infection
- serodifferent
- serodiscordant
- serodiscordant
- discordant
- seronegative
- seropositioning
- seropositive
- serosorting
- serostatus
- sexually transmitted infections
- sexually transmitted diseases
- sexually transmitted disease
- sextually transmitted infection
- STIs,STI,STDs,STD
- side-effect
- Sliding Scale
- standard of care
- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
- SNAP
- symptom
- symptomatic
- syndemic
- syndrome
- syphilis
- T cell
- T helper cells
- T killer cell
- cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
- Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
- TANF
- therapy
- thrush
- toxin
- transgender
- treatment as prevention
- Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U)
- TasP
- treatment cascade
- care cascade
- continuum of care
- treatment effect
- treatment-experienced
- treatment failure
- treatment interruption
- analytical treatment interruption (ATI)
- treatment-naïve
- treatment simplification
- trend
- statistical significance
- Undetectable = Untransmittable
- undetectable viral load
- U=U
- undetectable viral load
- Undetectable = Untransmittable (U=U)
- unprotected
- condomless
- vaccine
- vaginal flora
- viral breakthrough
- viral load
- undetectable viral load
- viral rebound
- virus
- vulva
- wasting
- white blood cell
- withdrawal
- Women, Infants, and Children
- WIC