oral

The hepatitis A virus is transmitted through contaminated food and water, as well as human faeces. It can be passed on during sex, particularly rimming (oral-anal contact). Symptoms usually last less than two months, although they continue in some people for up to six months. Drug treatment is not needed. A vaccine is available to prevent hepatitis A.

The hepatitis E virus is primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water, as well as human faeces. It may be passed on through rimming (oral-anal contact). The virus can be found in some animals and can sometimes be passed from the animal to humans (for example by eating undercooked meat). Chronic infection (over six months) with HEV is very rare.

In HIV testing, refers to moisture obtained by swabbing an absorbent pad around the outer gums. Some tests require a sample of oral fluid, which in a person living with HIV is likely to contain HIV antibodies.